chore: more work on benchmarks

benchmarks/README.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Results are saved to `results/token-efficiency.md`.
 
 Tests how well LLMs can answer questions about data in different formats (TOON, JSON, JSON compact, XML, YAML, CSV):
 
-1. Generate ~150-160 questions across 6 datasets (CSV only included for datasets with flat/tabular structure)
+1. Generate ~200 questions across 6 datasets (CSV only included for datasets with flat/tabular structure)
 2. Convert each dataset to all supported formats
 3. Query each LLM with formatted data + question
 4. Validate answers using `gpt-5-nano` as judge

benchmarks/scripts/token-efficiency-benchmark.ts

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ function generateTotalLines(
     const csvStr = baselineFormat.tokens.toLocaleString('en-US').padStart(TOKEN_PADDING)
     lines.push(`csv                   ${csvBar}   ${csvStr} tokens`)
 
-    const overheadPercent = ((totalToonTokens - baselineFormat.tokens) / totalToonTokens) * 100
+    const overheadPercent = ((totalToonTokens - baselineFormat.tokens) / baselineFormat.tokens) * 100
     const toonBar = createProgressBar(100, 100, PROGRESS_BAR_WIDTH, PROGRESS_BAR_CONFIG)
     const toonStr = totalToonTokens.toLocaleString('en-US').padStart(TOKEN_PADDING)
     lines.push(`toon                  ${toonBar}   ${toonStr} tokens   (+${overheadPercent.toFixed(1)}% vs CSV)`)
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ const flatCharts = flatOnlyDatasets
 
     // TOON line with overhead vs CSV
     const toonOverhead = toon.tokens - csv.tokens
-    const toonOverheadPercent = (toonOverhead / toon.tokens) * 100
+    const toonOverheadPercent = (toonOverhead / csv.tokens) * 100
     const toonBar = createProgressBar(100, 100, PROGRESS_BAR_WIDTH, PROGRESS_BAR_CONFIG)
     const toonStr = toon.tokens.toLocaleString('en-US')
     const toonVsCSV = toonOverheadPercent >= 0

benchmarks/src/constants.ts

@@ -101,10 +101,10 @@ export const QUESTION_THRESHOLDS = {
  */
 export const QUESTION_LIMITS = {
   tabular: {
-    fieldRetrieval: 20,
+    fieldRetrieval: 14,
-    aggregationDepartments: 6,
+    aggregationDepartments: 4,
-    filteringMultiConditionDepartments: 6,
+    filteringMultiConditionDepartments: 5,
-    filteringExperience: 4,
+    filteringExperience: 3,
     filteringDepartmentExp: 3,
     filteringDepartmentActive: 3,
   },
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ export const QUESTION_LIMITS = {
     filteringStatusAndItems: 3,
   },
   analytics: {
-    fieldRetrievalDates: 13,
+    fieldRetrievalDates: 9,
   },
   github: {
     fieldRetrievalRepos: 11,
@@ -125,12 +125,12 @@ export const QUESTION_LIMITS = {
   },
   eventLogs: {
     fieldRetrieval: 10,
-    aggregationEndpoints: 3,
+    aggregationEndpoints: 4,
-    filteringLevelAndStatus: 2,
+    filteringLevelAndStatus: 3,
-    filteringEndpointAndStatus: 2,
+    filteringEndpointAndStatus: 3,
   },
   nestedConfig: {
-    fieldRetrieval: 5,
+    fieldRetrieval: 10,
-    filteringComplex: 2,
+    filteringComplex: 6,
   },
 } as const

benchmarks/src/datasets.ts

@@ -5,67 +5,6 @@ import githubRepos from '../data/github-repos.json' with { type: 'json' }
 // Seed for reproducibility
 faker.seed(12345)
 
-/**
- * Calculate the tabular eligibility percentage of a data structure
- *
- * @remarks
- * Recursively analyzes data to determine what percentage of arrays qualify
- * for TOON's tabular format (uniform objects with primitive values only).
- */
-export function calculateTabularEligibility(data: unknown): number {
-  let totalArrays = 0
-  let tabularArrays = 0
-
-  function isTabularArray(arr: unknown[]): boolean {
-    if (arr.length === 0)
-      return false
-
-    // Check if all elements are objects
-    if (!arr.every(item => typeof item === 'object' && item !== null && !Array.isArray(item)))
-      return false
-
-    // Get keys from first object
-    const firstKeys = Object.keys(arr[0] as Record<string, unknown>)
-    if (firstKeys.length === 0)
-      return false
-
-    // Check if all objects have the same keys and only primitive values
-    return arr.every((item) => {
-      const itemObj = item as Record<string, unknown>
-      const itemKeys = Object.keys(itemObj)
-      if (itemKeys.length !== firstKeys.length)
-        return false
-      if (!firstKeys.every(key => itemKeys.includes(key)))
-        return false
-
-      // Check if all values are primitives (no nested objects or arrays)
-      return firstKeys.every((key) => {
-        const value = itemObj[key]
-        return value === null || ['string', 'number', 'boolean'].includes(typeof value)
-      })
-    })
-  }
-
-  function traverse(obj: unknown): void {
-    if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
-      totalArrays++
-      if (isTabularArray(obj))
-        tabularArrays++
-
-      // Continue traversing array elements
-      obj.forEach(item => traverse(item))
-    }
-    else if (typeof obj === 'object' && obj !== null) {
-      // Traverse object properties
-      Object.values(obj).forEach(value => traverse(value))
-    }
-  }
-
-  traverse(data)
-
-  return totalArrays === 0 ? 0 : Math.round((tabularArrays / totalArrays) * 100)
-}
-
 /**
  * Employee record structure for tabular dataset
  */
@@ -275,7 +214,7 @@ const tabularDataset: Dataset = {
   metadata: {
     supportsCSV: true,
     structureClass: 'uniform',
-    tabularEligibility: 100,
+    tabularEligibility: 100, // All arrays contain uniform objects with primitive values only
   },
 }
 
@@ -285,38 +224,21 @@ const tabularDataset: Dataset = {
 const PRODUCT_NAMES = ['Wireless Mouse', 'USB Cable', 'Laptop Stand', 'Keyboard', 'Webcam', 'Headphones', 'Monitor', 'Desk Lamp'] as const
 const ORDER_STATUSES = ['pending', 'processing', 'shipped', 'delivered', 'cancelled'] as const
 
-const ORDER_CONSTANTS = {
-  CUSTOMER_ID_MOD: 20,
-  MIN_ITEMS: 1,
-  MAX_ITEMS: 4,
-  MIN_ITEM_PRICE: 9.99,
-  MAX_ITEM_PRICE: 199.99,
-  MIN_ITEM_QUANTITY: 1,
-  MAX_ITEM_QUANTITY: 5,
-  SKU_LENGTH: 6,
-  ORDER_ID_PADDING: 4,
-  RECENT_DAYS: 90,
-  TAX_RATE: 0.08,
-} as const
-
 function generateOrders(count: number): { orders: Order[] } {
   return {
     orders: Array.from({ length: count }, (_, i) => {
-      const customerId = (i % ORDER_CONSTANTS.CUSTOMER_ID_MOD) + 1
+      const customerId = (i % 20) + 1 // Rotate through 20 customers
-      const itemCount = faker.number.int({ min: ORDER_CONSTANTS.MIN_ITEMS, max: ORDER_CONSTANTS.MAX_ITEMS })
+      const itemCount = faker.number.int({ min: 1, max: 4 }) // 1-4 items per order
 
       const items = Array.from({ length: itemCount }, (_, j) => {
         const price = faker.number.float({
-          min: ORDER_CONSTANTS.MIN_ITEM_PRICE,
+          min: 9.99,
-          max: ORDER_CONSTANTS.MAX_ITEM_PRICE,
+          max: 199.99,
           fractionDigits: 2,
         })
-        const quantity = faker.number.int({
+        const quantity = faker.number.int({ min: 1, max: 5 })
-          min: ORDER_CONSTANTS.MIN_ITEM_QUANTITY,
-          max: ORDER_CONSTANTS.MAX_ITEM_QUANTITY,
-        })
         return {
-          sku: `SKU-${faker.string.alphanumeric({ length: ORDER_CONSTANTS.SKU_LENGTH }).toUpperCase()}`,
+          sku: `SKU-${faker.string.alphanumeric({ length: 6 }).toUpperCase()}`,
           name: PRODUCT_NAMES[j % PRODUCT_NAMES.length]!,
           quantity,
           price,
@@ -324,11 +246,11 @@ function generateOrders(count: number): { orders: Order[] } {
       })
 
       const subtotal = Number(items.reduce((sum, item) => sum + (item.price * item.quantity), 0).toFixed(2))
-      const tax = Number((subtotal * ORDER_CONSTANTS.TAX_RATE).toFixed(2))
+      const tax = Number((subtotal * 0.08).toFixed(2)) // 8% tax rate
       const total = Number((subtotal + tax).toFixed(2))
 
       return {
-        orderId: `ORD-${String(i + 1).padStart(ORDER_CONSTANTS.ORDER_ID_PADDING, '0')}`,
+        orderId: `ORD-${String(i + 1).padStart(4, '0')}`,
         customer: {
           id: customerId,
           name: faker.person.fullName(),
@@ -340,7 +262,7 @@ function generateOrders(count: number): { orders: Order[] } {
         tax,
         total,
         status: ORDER_STATUSES[i % ORDER_STATUSES.length]!,
-        orderDate: faker.date.recent({ days: ORDER_CONSTANTS.RECENT_DAYS }).toISOString().split('T')[0],
+        orderDate: faker.date.recent({ days: 90 }).toISOString().split('T')[0],
       }
     }),
   }
@@ -359,7 +281,7 @@ const nestedDataset: Dataset = {
   metadata: {
     supportsCSV: false,
     structureClass: 'nested',
-    tabularEligibility: 33, // orders array is not tabular, but items arrays within are
+    tabularEligibility: 33, // Top-level orders array has nested objects (not tabular), but nested items arrays are tabular
   },
 }
 
@@ -376,7 +298,7 @@ const analyticsDataset: Dataset = {
   metadata: {
     supportsCSV: true,
     structureClass: 'uniform',
-    tabularEligibility: 100,
+    tabularEligibility: 100, // Uniform time-series records with consistent primitive fields
   },
 }
 
@@ -395,7 +317,7 @@ const githubDataset: Dataset = {
   metadata: {
     supportsCSV: true,
     structureClass: 'uniform',
-    tabularEligibility: 100,
+    tabularEligibility: 100, // Repository array contains uniform objects with primitive values
   },
 }
 
@@ -597,7 +519,7 @@ const eventLogsDataset: Dataset = {
   metadata: {
     supportsCSV: false,
     structureClass: 'semi-uniform',
-    tabularEligibility: 50, // ~50% of logs have nested error objects
+    tabularEligibility: 50, // Top-level logs array is tabular, but ~50% have nested optional error objects
   },
 }
 
@@ -614,7 +536,7 @@ const nestedConfigDataset: Dataset = {
   metadata: {
     supportsCSV: false,
     structureClass: 'deep',
-    tabularEligibility: 0, // Highly nested, minimal tabular arrays
+    tabularEligibility: 0, // Deeply nested configuration with no tabular arrays
   },
 }
 
@@ -642,7 +564,7 @@ export const TOKEN_EFFICIENCY_DATASETS: Dataset[] = [
     metadata: {
       supportsCSV: true,
       structureClass: 'uniform',
-      tabularEligibility: 100,
+      tabularEligibility: 100, // All arrays contain uniform objects with primitive values only
     },
   },
   // Nested: 500 orders
@@ -653,7 +575,7 @@ export const TOKEN_EFFICIENCY_DATASETS: Dataset[] = [
     metadata: {
       supportsCSV: false,
       structureClass: 'nested',
-      tabularEligibility: 33,
+      tabularEligibility: 33, // Top-level orders array has nested objects (not tabular), but nested items arrays are tabular
     },
   },
   // Analytics: 365 days
@@ -664,7 +586,7 @@ export const TOKEN_EFFICIENCY_DATASETS: Dataset[] = [
     metadata: {
       supportsCSV: true,
       structureClass: 'uniform',
-      tabularEligibility: 100,
+      tabularEligibility: 100, // Uniform time-series records with consistent primitive fields
     },
   },
   // GitHub: 100 repos (same as accuracy)
@@ -677,7 +599,7 @@ export const TOKEN_EFFICIENCY_DATASETS: Dataset[] = [
     metadata: {
       supportsCSV: false,
       structureClass: 'semi-uniform',
-      tabularEligibility: 50,
+      tabularEligibility: 50, // Top-level logs array is tabular, but ~50% have nested optional error objects
     },
   },
   // Nested config: 1 config (same as accuracy)

benchmarks/src/evaluate.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import { anthropic } from '@ai-sdk/anthropic'
 import { google } from '@ai-sdk/google'
 import { openai } from '@ai-sdk/openai'
 import { xai } from '@ai-sdk/xai'
-import * as prompts from '@clack/prompts'
 import { generateText } from 'ai'
 
 /**
@@ -102,7 +101,6 @@ Is the actual answer correct? Consider:
 Respond with only "YES" or "NO".
 `.trim()
 
-  try {
   const { text } = await generateText({
     model: models.find(m => m.modelId === 'gpt-5-nano')!,
     prompt,
@@ -110,9 +108,3 @@ Respond with only "YES" or "NO".
 
   return text.trim().toUpperCase() === 'YES'
 }
-  catch (error) {
-    prompts.log.error(`Validation error: ${error}`)
-    // Fallback to simple string comparison
-    return actual.toLowerCase().trim() === expected.toLowerCase().trim()
-  }
-}

benchmarks/src/questions/analytics.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { AnalyticsMetric } from '../datasets'
 import type { Question } from '../types'
 import { QUESTION_LIMITS, QUESTION_THRESHOLDS } from '../constants'
-import { countByPredicate, QuestionBuilder, rotateQuestions, SAMPLE_STRIDES } from './utils'
+import { QuestionBuilder, rotateQuestions, SAMPLE_STRIDES } from './utils'
 
 /**
  * Generate analytics (website metrics) questions
@@ -9,9 +9,6 @@ import { countByPredicate, QuestionBuilder, rotateQuestions, SAMPLE_STRIDES } fr
 export function generateAnalyticsQuestions(metrics: AnalyticsMetric[], getId: () => string): Question[] {
   const questions: Question[] = []
 
-  if (metrics.length === 0)
-    return questions
-
   // Field retrieval: date-based metrics
   const metricFieldGenerators: Array<(metric: AnalyticsMetric, getId: () => string) => Question> = [
     (metric, getId) => new QuestionBuilder()
@@ -99,7 +96,7 @@ export function generateAnalyticsQuestions(metrics: AnalyticsMetric[], getId: ()
 
   // Aggregation: high views/conversions
   for (const threshold of QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.analytics.views) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(metrics, m => m.views > threshold)
+    const count = metrics.filter(m => m.views > threshold).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -112,7 +109,7 @@ export function generateAnalyticsQuestions(metrics: AnalyticsMetric[], getId: ()
   }
 
   for (const threshold of QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.analytics.conversions) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(metrics, m => m.conversions > threshold)
+    const count = metrics.filter(m => m.conversions > threshold).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -126,10 +123,9 @@ export function generateAnalyticsQuestions(metrics: AnalyticsMetric[], getId: ()
 
   // Filtering: multi-condition (views AND revenue)
   for (const threshold of QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.analytics.viewsForFiltering) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(
+    const count = metrics.filter(
-      metrics,
       m => m.views > threshold && m.conversions > QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.analytics.conversionsForFiltering,
-    )
+    ).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -143,10 +139,9 @@ export function generateAnalyticsQuestions(metrics: AnalyticsMetric[], getId: ()
 
   // Filtering: revenue thresholds
   for (const threshold of QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.analytics.revenueThresholds) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(
+    const count = metrics.filter(
-      metrics,
       m => m.revenue > threshold && m.views > QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.analytics.viewsThresholdForRevenue,
-    )
+    ).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -160,10 +155,9 @@ export function generateAnalyticsQuestions(metrics: AnalyticsMetric[], getId: ()
 
   // Filtering: clicks and conversions
   for (const threshold of QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.analytics.clicksForFiltering) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(
+    const count = metrics.filter(
-      metrics,
       m => m.clicks > threshold && m.conversions > QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.analytics.conversionsForClickFiltering,
-    )
+    ).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -177,10 +171,9 @@ export function generateAnalyticsQuestions(metrics: AnalyticsMetric[], getId: ()
 
   // Filtering: revenue and bounce rate
   for (const threshold of QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.analytics.revenueForBounceRate) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(
+    const count = metrics.filter(
-      metrics,
       m => m.revenue > threshold && m.bounceRate < QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.analytics.bounceRateThreshold,
-    )
+    ).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())

benchmarks/src/questions/event-logs.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { EventLog } from '../datasets'
 import type { Question } from '../types'
 import { QUESTION_LIMITS } from '../constants'
-import { countByPredicate, QuestionBuilder, rotateQuestions, SAMPLE_STRIDES } from './utils'
+import { QuestionBuilder, rotateQuestions, SAMPLE_STRIDES } from './utils'
 
 /**
  * Generate event log questions
@@ -9,9 +9,6 @@ import { countByPredicate, QuestionBuilder, rotateQuestions, SAMPLE_STRIDES } fr
 export function generateEventLogsQuestions(logs: EventLog[], getId: () => string): Question[] {
   const questions: Question[] = []
 
-  if (logs.length === 0)
-    return questions
-
   // Field retrieval: log metadata
   const logFieldGenerators: Array<(log: EventLog, getId: () => string) => Question> = [
     (log, getId) => new QuestionBuilder()
@@ -76,7 +73,7 @@ export function generateEventLogsQuestions(logs: EventLog[], getId: () => string
   // Aggregation: by level
   const levels = [...new Set(logs.map(l => l.level))]
   for (const level of levels) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(logs, l => l.level === level)
+    const count = logs.filter(l => l.level === level).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -91,7 +88,7 @@ export function generateEventLogsQuestions(logs: EventLog[], getId: () => string
   // Aggregation: by endpoint
   const endpoints = [...new Set(logs.map(l => l.endpoint))]
   for (const endpoint of endpoints.slice(0, QUESTION_LIMITS.eventLogs.aggregationEndpoints)) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(logs, l => l.endpoint === endpoint)
+    const count = logs.filter(l => l.endpoint === endpoint).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -104,8 +101,8 @@ export function generateEventLogsQuestions(logs: EventLog[], getId: () => string
   }
 
   // Aggregation: by status code range
-  const errorCount = countByPredicate(logs, l => l.statusCode >= 400)
+  const errorCount = logs.filter(l => l.statusCode >= 400).length
-  const successCount = countByPredicate(logs, l => l.statusCode >= 200 && l.statusCode < 300)
+  const successCount = logs.filter(l => l.statusCode >= 200 && l.statusCode < 300).length
 
   questions.push(
     new QuestionBuilder()
@@ -124,12 +121,21 @@ export function generateEventLogsQuestions(logs: EventLog[], getId: () => string
       .build(),
   )
 
+  // Aggregation: retryable errors
+  const retryableErrorCount = logs.filter(l => l.error?.retryable === true).length
+  questions.push(
+    new QuestionBuilder()
+      .id(getId())
+      .prompt('How many log entries have a retryable error?')
+      .groundTruth(String(retryableErrorCount))
+      .type('aggregation')
+      .dataset('event-logs')
+      .build(),
+  )
+
   // Filtering: multi-condition (level AND status)
   for (const level of levels.slice(0, QUESTION_LIMITS.eventLogs.filteringLevelAndStatus)) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(
+    const count = logs.filter(l => l.level === level && l.statusCode >= 400).length
-      logs,
-      l => l.level === level && l.statusCode >= 400,
-    )
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -143,10 +149,7 @@ export function generateEventLogsQuestions(logs: EventLog[], getId: () => string
 
   // Filtering: endpoint AND status
   for (const endpoint of endpoints.slice(0, QUESTION_LIMITS.eventLogs.filteringEndpointAndStatus)) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(
+    const count = logs.filter(l => l.endpoint === endpoint && l.statusCode >= 500).length
-      logs,
-      l => l.endpoint === endpoint && l.statusCode >= 500,
-    )
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -158,5 +161,19 @@ export function generateEventLogsQuestions(logs: EventLog[], getId: () => string
     )
   }
 
+  // Filtering: endpoint AND retryable error
+  for (const endpoint of endpoints.slice(0, QUESTION_LIMITS.eventLogs.filteringEndpointAndStatus)) {
+    const count = logs.filter(l => l.endpoint === endpoint && l.error?.retryable === true).length
+    questions.push(
+      new QuestionBuilder()
+        .id(getId())
+        .prompt(`How many log entries for endpoint "${endpoint}" have a retryable error?`)
+        .groundTruth(String(count))
+        .type('filtering')
+        .dataset('event-logs')
+        .build(),
+    )
+  }
+
   return questions
 }

benchmarks/src/questions/github.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { Repository } from '../datasets'
 import type { Question } from '../types'
 import { QUESTION_LIMITS, QUESTION_THRESHOLDS } from '../constants'
-import { countByPredicate, QuestionBuilder, rotateQuestions, SAMPLE_STRIDES } from './utils'
+import { QuestionBuilder, rotateQuestions, SAMPLE_STRIDES } from './utils'
 
 /**
  * Generate GitHub repository questions
@@ -9,9 +9,6 @@ import { countByPredicate, QuestionBuilder, rotateQuestions, SAMPLE_STRIDES } fr
 export function generateGithubQuestions(repos: Repository[], getId: () => string): Question[] {
   const questions: Question[] = []
 
-  if (repos.length === 0)
-    return questions
-
   // Field retrieval: repository metadata
   const repoFieldGenerators: Array<(repo: Repository, getId: () => string) => Question> = [
     (repo, getId) => new QuestionBuilder()
@@ -92,7 +89,7 @@ export function generateGithubQuestions(repos: Repository[], getId: () => string
   // Aggregation: by default branch
   const branches = [...new Set(repos.map(r => r.defaultBranch))]
   for (const branch of branches.slice(0, QUESTION_LIMITS.github.aggregationBranches)) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(repos, r => r.defaultBranch === branch)
+    const count = repos.filter(r => r.defaultBranch === branch).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -106,7 +103,7 @@ export function generateGithubQuestions(repos: Repository[], getId: () => string
 
   // Aggregation: high star counts
   for (const threshold of QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.github.stars) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(repos, r => r.stars > threshold)
+    const count = repos.filter(r => r.stars > threshold).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -120,7 +117,7 @@ export function generateGithubQuestions(repos: Repository[], getId: () => string
 
   // Aggregation: high fork counts
   for (const threshold of QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.github.forks) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(repos, r => r.forks > threshold)
+    const count = repos.filter(r => r.forks > threshold).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -134,7 +131,7 @@ export function generateGithubQuestions(repos: Repository[], getId: () => string
 
   // Aggregation: high watcher counts
   for (const threshold of QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.github.watchers) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(repos, r => r.watchers > threshold)
+    const count = repos.filter(r => r.watchers > threshold).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -148,10 +145,9 @@ export function generateGithubQuestions(repos: Repository[], getId: () => string
 
   // Filtering: multi-condition (stars AND forks)
   for (const combo of QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.github.starForkCombinations.slice(0, QUESTION_LIMITS.github.filteringStarsAndForks)) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(
+    const count = repos.filter(
-      repos,
       r => r.stars > combo.stars && r.forks > combo.forks,
-    )
+    ).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -165,10 +161,9 @@ export function generateGithubQuestions(repos: Repository[], getId: () => string
 
   // Filtering: stars AND watchers
   for (const combo of QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.github.starWatcherCombinations) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(
+    const count = repos.filter(
-      repos,
       r => r.stars > combo.stars && r.watchers > combo.watchers,
-    )
+    ).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())

benchmarks/src/questions/index.ts

@@ -10,10 +10,9 @@ import { generateTabularQuestions } from './tabular'
 import { createIdGenerator } from './utils'
 
 /**
- * Generate all questions from datasets
+ * Generate ~200 questions from all datasets
  *
  * @remarks
- * Generates ~150-160 questions across different question types and datasets:
  * - Field Retrieval: Direct field access with no computation
  *   Examples: "What is X's salary?", "What is the status of order Y?"
  * - Aggregation: Counts, sums, averages, min/max operations (including single-condition filters)

benchmarks/src/questions/nested-config.ts

@@ -34,6 +34,26 @@ export function generateNestedConfigQuestions(config: NestedConfig | undefined,
       prompt: 'What is the session duration?',
       groundTruth: String(config.authentication.session.duration),
     },
+    {
+      prompt: 'What is the minimum connection pool size?',
+      groundTruth: String(config.database.pool.min),
+    },
+    {
+      prompt: 'What is the connection pool idle timeout?',
+      groundTruth: String(config.database.pool.idleTimeout),
+    },
+    {
+      prompt: 'What is the database name?',
+      groundTruth: config.database.name,
+    },
+    {
+      prompt: 'What is the session refresh threshold?',
+      groundTruth: String(config.authentication.session.refreshThreshold),
+    },
+    {
+      prompt: 'What is the version in the configuration?',
+      groundTruth: config.version,
+    },
   ]
 
   for (const q of fieldRetrievalQuestions.slice(0, QUESTION_LIMITS.nestedConfig.fieldRetrieval)) {
@@ -93,6 +113,18 @@ export function generateNestedConfigQuestions(config: NestedConfig | undefined,
       .build(),
   )
 
+  // Aggregation: providers with admin scope
+  const adminScopeProviderCount = config.authentication.providers.filter(p => p.scopes.includes('admin')).length
+  questions.push(
+    new QuestionBuilder()
+      .id(getId())
+      .prompt('How many authentication providers include the "admin" scope?')
+      .groundTruth(String(adminScopeProviderCount))
+      .type('aggregation')
+      .dataset('nested-config')
+      .build(),
+  )
+
   // Aggregation: feature flag details
   const enabledFeatures = Object.entries(config.features).filter(([_, f]) => f.enabled).length
   questions.push(
@@ -117,6 +149,67 @@ export function generateNestedConfigQuestions(config: NestedConfig | undefined,
       .build(),
   )
 
+  // Aggregation: additional nested counts
+  const totalPermissions = Object.values(config.permissions.roles).reduce((sum, role) => sum + role.permissions.length, 0)
+  const distinctPermissions = new Set(Object.values(config.permissions.roles).flatMap(r => r.permissions)).size
+  const distinctScopes = new Set(config.authentication.providers.flatMap(p => p.scopes)).size
+  const totalVariants = Object.values(config.features).reduce((sum, f) => sum + f.variants.length, 0)
+  const highPriorityReplicas = config.database.replicas.filter(r => r.priority > 2).length
+  const featuresWithHighRollout = Object.values(config.features).filter(f => f.rollout > 50).length
+  const groupsWithMultipleRoles = Object.values(config.permissions.groups).filter(g => g.roles.length > 1).length
+
+  questions.push(
+    new QuestionBuilder()
+      .id(getId())
+      .prompt('What is the total number of permissions across all roles?')
+      .groundTruth(String(totalPermissions))
+      .type('aggregation')
+      .dataset('nested-config')
+      .build(),
+    new QuestionBuilder()
+      .id(getId())
+      .prompt('How many distinct permissions are defined across all roles?')
+      .groundTruth(String(distinctPermissions))
+      .type('aggregation')
+      .dataset('nested-config')
+      .build(),
+    new QuestionBuilder()
+      .id(getId())
+      .prompt('How many distinct scopes are defined across all authentication providers?')
+      .groundTruth(String(distinctScopes))
+      .type('aggregation')
+      .dataset('nested-config')
+      .build(),
+    new QuestionBuilder()
+      .id(getId())
+      .prompt('What is the total number of variants across all feature flags?')
+      .groundTruth(String(totalVariants))
+      .type('aggregation')
+      .dataset('nested-config')
+      .build(),
+    new QuestionBuilder()
+      .id(getId())
+      .prompt('How many database replicas have a priority greater than 2?')
+      .groundTruth(String(highPriorityReplicas))
+      .type('aggregation')
+      .dataset('nested-config')
+      .build(),
+    new QuestionBuilder()
+      .id(getId())
+      .prompt('How many feature flags have a rollout percentage greater than 50?')
+      .groundTruth(String(featuresWithHighRollout))
+      .type('aggregation')
+      .dataset('nested-config')
+      .build(),
+    new QuestionBuilder()
+      .id(getId())
+      .prompt('How many groups have more than one role assigned?')
+      .groundTruth(String(groupsWithMultipleRoles))
+      .type('aggregation')
+      .dataset('nested-config')
+      .build(),
+  )
+
   // Filtering: complex multi-condition queries
   const filteringQuestions = [
     {
@@ -129,6 +222,31 @@ export function generateNestedConfigQuestions(config: NestedConfig | undefined,
       groundTruth: String(Object.entries(config.permissions.groups)
         .filter(([_, g]) => g.roles.includes('admin')).length),
     },
+    {
+      prompt: 'How many database replicas have priority greater than 2 and port 5432?',
+      groundTruth: String(config.database.replicas
+        .filter(r => r.priority > 2 && r.port === 5432).length),
+    },
+    {
+      prompt: 'How many authentication providers have more than 2 scopes?',
+      groundTruth: String(config.authentication.providers
+        .filter(p => p.scopes.length > 2).length),
+    },
+    {
+      prompt: 'How many roles have at least 5 permissions?',
+      groundTruth: String(Object.values(config.permissions.roles)
+        .filter(r => r.permissions.length >= 5).length),
+    },
+    {
+      prompt: 'How many feature flags are disabled with rollout less than 25%?',
+      groundTruth: String(Object.values(config.features)
+        .filter(f => !f.enabled && f.rollout < 25).length),
+    },
+    {
+      prompt: 'How many enabled features have at least 2 variants?',
+      groundTruth: String(Object.values(config.features)
+        .filter(f => f.enabled && f.variants.length >= 2).length),
+    },
   ]
 
   for (const q of filteringQuestions.slice(0, QUESTION_LIMITS.nestedConfig.filteringComplex)) {

benchmarks/src/questions/nested.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { Order } from '../datasets'
 import type { Question } from '../types'
 import { QUESTION_LIMITS, QUESTION_THRESHOLDS } from '../constants'
-import { countByPredicate, QuestionBuilder, rotateQuestions, SAMPLE_STRIDES } from './utils'
+import { QuestionBuilder, rotateQuestions, SAMPLE_STRIDES } from './utils'
 
 /**
  * Generate nested (orders) questions
@@ -9,9 +9,6 @@ import { countByPredicate, QuestionBuilder, rotateQuestions, SAMPLE_STRIDES } fr
 export function generateNestedQuestions(orders: Order[], getId: () => string): Question[] {
   const questions: Question[] = []
 
-  if (orders.length === 0)
-    return questions
-
   // Field retrieval: order totals and statuses
   const orderFieldGenerators: Array<(order: Order, getId: () => string) => Question> = [
     (order, getId) => new QuestionBuilder()
@@ -89,7 +86,7 @@ export function generateNestedQuestions(orders: Order[], getId: () => string): Q
   // Count by status
   const statuses = [...new Set(orders.map(o => o.status))]
   for (const status of statuses.slice(0, QUESTION_LIMITS.nested.aggregationStatuses)) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(orders, o => o.status === status)
+    const count = orders.filter(o => o.status === status).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -134,7 +131,7 @@ export function generateNestedQuestions(orders: Order[], getId: () => string): Q
 
   // Aggregation: high-value orders (single-condition filter)
   for (const threshold of QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.nested.highValueOrders) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(orders, o => o.total > threshold)
+    const count = orders.filter(o => o.total > threshold).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -149,10 +146,9 @@ export function generateNestedQuestions(orders: Order[], getId: () => string): Q
   // Filtering: multi-condition queries (status AND value)
   const orderStatuses = [...new Set(orders.map(o => o.status))]
   for (const status of orderStatuses.slice(0, QUESTION_LIMITS.nested.filteringStatusAndValue)) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(
+    const count = orders.filter(
-      orders,
       o => o.status === status && o.total > QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.nested.statusValueThreshold,
-    )
+    ).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -166,10 +162,9 @@ export function generateNestedQuestions(orders: Order[], getId: () => string): Q
 
   // Filtering: status AND items count (multi-condition)
   for (const status of orderStatuses.slice(0, QUESTION_LIMITS.nested.filteringStatusAndItems)) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(
+    const count = orders.filter(
-      orders,
       o => o.status === status && o.items.length >= QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.nested.itemCountThreshold,
-    )
+    ).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -183,10 +178,9 @@ export function generateNestedQuestions(orders: Order[], getId: () => string): Q
 
   // Filtering: total AND items count (multi-condition)
   for (const threshold of QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.nested.totalThresholdsForItems) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(
+    const count = orders.filter(
-      orders,
       o => o.total > threshold && o.items.length >= QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.nested.itemCountThreshold,
-    )
+    ).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())

benchmarks/src/questions/tabular.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { Employee } from '../datasets'
 import type { Question } from '../types'
 import { QUESTION_LIMITS, QUESTION_THRESHOLDS } from '../constants'
-import { countByPredicate, QuestionBuilder, rotateQuestions, SAMPLE_STRIDES } from './utils'
+import { QuestionBuilder, rotateQuestions, SAMPLE_STRIDES } from './utils'
 
 /**
  * Generate tabular (employee) questions
@@ -9,9 +9,6 @@ import { countByPredicate, QuestionBuilder, rotateQuestions, SAMPLE_STRIDES } fr
 export function generateTabularQuestions(employees: Employee[], getId: () => string): Question[] {
   const questions: Question[] = []
 
-  if (employees.length === 0)
-    return questions
-
   // Field retrieval: specific employees
   const fieldGenerators: Array<(emp: Employee, getId: () => string) => Question> = [
     (emp, getId) => new QuestionBuilder()
@@ -62,7 +59,7 @@ export function generateTabularQuestions(employees: Employee[], getId: () => str
   // Aggregation: count by department
   const departments = [...new Set(employees.map(e => e.department))]
   for (const dept of departments.slice(0, QUESTION_LIMITS.tabular.aggregationDepartments)) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(employees, e => e.department === dept)
+    const count = employees.filter(e => e.department === dept).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -76,7 +73,7 @@ export function generateTabularQuestions(employees: Employee[], getId: () => str
 
   // Aggregation: salary ranges (single-condition filters)
   for (const threshold of QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.tabular.salaryRanges) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(employees, e => e.salary > threshold)
+    const count = employees.filter(e => e.salary > threshold).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -91,8 +88,8 @@ export function generateTabularQuestions(employees: Employee[], getId: () => str
   // Aggregation: totals and averages
   const totalEmployees = employees.length
   const avgSalary = Math.round(employees.reduce((sum, e) => sum + e.salary, 0) / totalEmployees)
-  const activeCount = countByPredicate(employees, e => e.active)
+  const activeCount = employees.filter(e => e.active).length
-  const inactiveCount = countByPredicate(employees, e => !e.active)
+  const inactiveCount = employees.filter(e => !e.active).length
 
   questions.push(
     new QuestionBuilder()
@@ -127,10 +124,9 @@ export function generateTabularQuestions(employees: Employee[], getId: () => str
 
   // Filtering: count by department with salary filter (multi-condition)
   for (const dept of departments.slice(0, QUESTION_LIMITS.tabular.filteringMultiConditionDepartments)) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(
+    const count = employees.filter(
-      employees,
       e => e.department === dept && e.salary > QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.tabular.departmentSalaryThreshold,
-    )
+    ).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -144,7 +140,7 @@ export function generateTabularQuestions(employees: Employee[], getId: () => str
 
   // Filtering: active employees by experience (multi-condition)
   for (const exp of QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.tabular.experienceYears.slice(0, QUESTION_LIMITS.tabular.filteringExperience)) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(employees, e => e.yearsExperience > exp && e.active)
+    const count = employees.filter(e => e.yearsExperience > exp && e.active).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -158,10 +154,9 @@ export function generateTabularQuestions(employees: Employee[], getId: () => str
 
   // Filtering: department by experience (multi-condition)
   for (const dept of departments.slice(0, QUESTION_LIMITS.tabular.filteringDepartmentExp)) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(
+    const count = employees.filter(
-      employees,
       e => e.department === dept && e.yearsExperience > QUESTION_THRESHOLDS.tabular.departmentExperienceThreshold,
-    )
+    ).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())
@@ -175,7 +170,7 @@ export function generateTabularQuestions(employees: Employee[], getId: () => str
 
   // Filtering: department by active status (multi-condition)
   for (const dept of departments.slice(0, QUESTION_LIMITS.tabular.filteringDepartmentActive)) {
-    const count = countByPredicate(employees, e => e.department === dept && e.active)
+    const count = employees.filter(e => e.department === dept && e.active).length
     questions.push(
       new QuestionBuilder()
         .id(getId())

benchmarks/src/questions/utils.ts

@@ -61,14 +61,7 @@ export class QuestionBuilder {
 }
 
 /**
- * Helper: Count items matching a predicate
+ * Rotate through question generators
- */
-export function countByPredicate<T>(items: T[], predicate: (item: T) => boolean): number {
-  return items.filter(predicate).length
-}
-
-/**
- * Helper: Rotate through question generators
  */
 export function rotateQuestions<T>(
   items: T[],

benchmarks/src/types.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export interface Question {
   id: string
   prompt: string
   groundTruth: string
-  type: 'field-retrieval' | 'aggregation' | 'filtering' | 'comparison'
+  type: 'field-retrieval' | 'aggregation' | 'filtering'
   dataset: string
 }